Esper's Marbled White (Melanargia russiae)
2024 photographs highlighted in yellow. Click on any photograph to go to an enlarged picture, or simply scroll down the page.
This is a butterfly principally of the northern Iberian peninsula, with separated European colonies in Italy, the Balkans and in the far south of France. It is almost instantly recognisable from its close cousin, the Marbled White (M. galathea) by its apparent whiteness and its size, it being slightly larger than galathea.
From the underside, the discal line is made up of a series of rounded markings whereas galathea has a discal line that narrows almost to a line in the central region. It is quite scarce in France, being found only (or mainly) in the north of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and surrounding regions. It is the subspecies cleanthe that occurs in France. |
I had not seen it before 2014 despite several searches, and the male and two females on this page represented the only ones I had seen in that year. However, in 2015 on a longer stay in the region, russiae appeared in several locations, indicating that, as is often the case, that when you find a localised species, it can be quite common in its restricted area.
Even on 9/10 July it was getting toward the end of its flight period. In 2016 it was actually quite common in a certain location, and a search of the region in about a 10km radius showed that it occurred right across this region. In 2022 I encountered it at a location in the Hautes-Alpes totally unexpectedly, but it was easily recognisable compared to the many galathea flying at that location.
Like most Satyridae species, its larval hostplant is a species of grass; for russiae it is Tor grass (Brachypodium Pinnatum). |
ref |
sex |
observations |
alt. m |
35677 |
M |
a male, taking shelter deep in the grass in high winds. The delicate markings make this a very aesthetically-appealing butterfly. Further experience of this species in subsequent years indicate that 35677 is a particularly white individual. |
1220 |
40957 | M | a very dark male, so much so that close inspection was necessary to ascertain that it wasn't in fact galathea. | 1220 |
38371 |
F |
a female, rather at the end of its flight period, definitely a little worn as the fringes testify. |
1260 |
38303 |
F |
a reasonably fresh female, settling down at the end of the day. |
1220 |
40968 | F | a female, and, based on wider experience of this species, perhaps typical in terms of strength of markings. | 1220 |
49716 | F | a female, based on the markings and larger size when seen in the field. | 1450 |
38401 |
F |
another fresh female, which is actually one of a mating pair, the male being at 90 degrees to the female and almost completely obscured in this photograph. |
1220 |
35622 |
F |
a female, the characteristic discal line being a clear indicator of russiae, at least in France, as other species elsewhere in Europe are not dissimilar. 35627 is the same individual. |
860 |
35627 |
F |
a female egg-laying. It has a slight deformed hindwing. 35622 is the same butterfly. |
860 |
40905 | F? | possibly a female based on the slight yellowness of the ground colour, but compared with the two images following, maybe not. | 1220 |
40989 | F | a female based on the slight yellow-brown tinge. | 1220 |
41019 | F | almost definitely a female as indicated by the strong yellow-brown colouring. | 1220 |
49716_female_Hautes-Alpes_8Jul22